Linux Tips (for Ubuntu)

本文作为我自己使用 Linux 的备忘，记载一些软件的使用方法和设置等等。如果有比较重要或复杂的，将会另外撰写文档。

Basic Administration

You can install your own add-on software in the /opt directory .

Login as root
Main Menu > System > Administration > Users and Groups > root > Properties > Change the password
Main Menu > System > Login Window > Security > Check the "Allow local system administrator login"

Software Sources Settings:
System > Administration > Software Sources > Ubuntu Software > Select all the options of "Downloadable from the Internet"
... > Updates > Automatic updates > Select "Download all updates in the background"

Run Application as super user (root):
Right-Click the application's launcher icon > Properties > Change the Command to "gksudo ..." (or "sudo ...")
ex. "rhythmbox" > "gksudo rhythmbox"
Run Nautilus as root: gksudo nautilus

Webmin
http://www.webmin.com
Webmin > System > Filesystem Backup
Webmin > System > Disk and Network Filesystems

Managing File Systems and Disk Space

PCMan File Manager
http://pcmanfm.sourceforge.net

To see what partitions are currently set up on your hard disk.
fdisk -l

Using the fstab File to Define Mountable File Systems
/etc/fstab

NTFS
http://www.ntfs-3g.org
How to install ntfs-3g for Fedora Core 6? http://laci.linuxforum.hu/#ntfs-3g
Why do I get "WARNING: Old FUSE kernel module detected"? http://www.ntfs-3g.org/support.html#fuse26

Package Managemnt
alien http://kitenet.net/~joey/code/alien.html
alien xxx.rpm

dpkg --install xxx.deb

Cleanup Package
Synaptic > Status > Not installed (residual config)
shell>apt-get autoclean
shell>apt-get clean
shell>apt-get autoremove

NFS
nfs-server or nfs package

Update Kernel for Ubuntu
http://www.howtoforge.com/kernel_compilation_ubuntu
[?] Can NOT access Internet after update!

Install NVIDIA GeForce4 MX440 Driver
nvidia-glx
shell>nvidia-xconfig

Restart X
Ctrl + Alt + Backspace

Office

xchm http://xchm.sourceforge.net

Adobe Reader
Asian and Central European font packs for Adobe Reader
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrasianfontpack.html

Multimedia

Install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly (GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set) to get the mp3 and other audio format support.

1.Download Latest RealPlayer 10 GOLD to Desktop:
http://www.real.com/linux
2.Change the mode of RealPlayer10GOLD.bin to be executable:
$ cd /home//Desktop
$ chmod +x RealPlayer10GOLD.bin
3.Install RealPlayer 10:
$ sudo ./RealPlayer10GOLD.bin
(please keep in mind the destination where you install realplayer, I prefer to install software under /opt, so in this case the destination is /opt/realplay which I will use for following descriptions)
.......
Copying RealPlayer files...configure system-wide symbolic links? [Y/n]: Y
.......
4. If you use SCIM, you have to modify realplay:
$ sudo gedit /opt/RealPlayer/realplay
add this line to the beginning of the file opened and then save it.
export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim
5. Modify RealPlayer to support ALSA audio output:
$ sudo apt-get install alsa-oss
$ sudo gedit /opt/realplayer/realplay
find text line $REALPLAYBIN "$@" and replace it with aoss $REALPLAYBIN "$@"
6. Restart RealPlayer and enjoy it:
Applications > Sound & Video

Banshee
Use Banshee to synchronize iPod.
libmad
http://zod.freshrpms.net/rpm.html?id=251

Linux Printing
Canon PIXMA iP1600
http://www.canon-europe.com/Support/software/linux

Others
StarDict
To install these tarball dictionaries, do this:
tar -xjvf a.tar.bz2
mv a /usr/share/stardict/dic

stardict-cdict-gb
stardict-cedict-gb
stardict-hanzim
stardict-langdao-ce-gb
stardict-langdao-ec-gb
stardict-oxford-gb
stardict-xdict-ce-gb
stardict-xdict-ec-gb

How to browse files/folders as root user in Nautilus
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Edgy#How_to_browse_files.2Ffolders_as_root_user_in_Nautilus

User specific environment and startup programs.
/home/username/.bash_profile

Appendix A: Files and Path

Desktop menu entry files
/usr/share/applications

MIME type icons
/usr/share/icons

Application's icon
/usr/share/pixmaps
/usr/share/icons/Tango/scalable/apps

Appendix B: Fonts
/usr/share/fonts

文鼎字体 AEPHIC http://www.arphic.com.tw
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/arphic
ukai.ttf ttf-arphic-ukai: AR PL ZenKai Uni
uming.ttf ttf-arphic-uming: AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni
fireflysung.ttf AR PL New Sung

Appendix C: Shortcut Keys

Global Shortcut Keys (for Gnome Desktop)

Ctrl+Alt+Arrow keys
Switch to the workspace to the specified direction of the current workspace.

Ctrl+Alt+D
Minimize all windows and give focus to the desktop.

Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
Restart X.